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Kenya’s NDC, which was submitted to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), includes mitigation and adaptation actions. Kenya seeks to transform to a low-carbon society and reduce its GHG emissions far beyond the 30 percent by 2030 relative to the BAU scenario of 143 MtCO2eq outlined in the NDC.

The NDC financing strategy is guided by the National Policy on Climate Finance 2016 which was established, inter alia, to improve the ability to mobilize and effectively manage and track adequate and predictable climate change finance. The main objectives of this assignment were to prepare costing details for climate priority actions considering the funding available through government sources, assess funding gaps that require international and private sector support and identify opportunities to address those gaps.

This study refines a robust methodological framework to assess adaptive capacity in the Bolivian water governance system. Under the framework, an exploration of how governance systems have managed and responded to past extreme events, and what manifestations of adaptive capacity have arisen, has allowed for the examination of whether governance practices have hindered or enabled adaptive capacity, emphasizing transformative processes. This assessment thereby provides the foundation to explore the potential of the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) under the Climate Investment Funds (CIF) to address gaps, build adaptive capacity, and achieve transformative change in the Bolivian water sector.

This document provides guidance on how to design and implement gender-responsive, private sector-led investments that support climate-resilient development. It is intended to help investment officers, government representatives and implementing agencies apply a climate and gender lens at each stage of the project cycle. It distills lessons learned from three climate resilience projects with a private-sector focus under the Tajikistan Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR), which aimed to build women’s and men’s climate resilience by enhancing their access to climate finance.

This study explores how the public sector catalyzed commercial financing for grid-connected solar projects in selected developing countries. It offers a useful perspective to governments and development partners on their efforts to attract non-concessional sources of financing in the solar market. It focuses on the ability of the public sector to attract commercial investors and lenders, without analysis of the financing terms.

Local stakeholder engagement (LSE) is one of the most important features of the Climate Investment Funds (CIF), and a key issue for climate finance more broadly. This evaluation aims to better understand how LSE was envisioned and implemented in the CIF governance, country investment planning, and the implementation of investment plans. It identifies challenges, successes, and lessons that can increase the effectiveness of CIF’s LSE approach in current and future CIF programming. It also highlights good practice examples for effective LSE that could benefit other climate funds, multilateral development banks, countries, and local stakeholders, seeking to promote effective LSE in their governance and operations.

This brief provides an overview of ‘signals’ that can demonstrate progress toward transformation to understand whether a transformational change is occurring or is likely to occur in the future. It stems from work undertaken by independent evaluators from Itad as part of the Independent Evaluation of Transformational Change in the Climate Investment Funds (CIF) and the broader CIF Transformational Change Learning Partnership. It provides a set of illustrative signals and ideas on how signals could be developed further.

This report serves as an input for the preparatory work Ghana would undertake in 2020 to update its NDC which was submitted in 2015.

In order to fully address climate change learning needs within the Zimbabwean development context and framework, there are some important considerations that should be given to the country’s priority and focus areas. These are detailed in the various national documents and plans which include the National Climate Policy, National Climate change Response Strategy, the Nationally Determined Contributions, as well as a the Comprehensive Stakeholder Needs Assessment as guided by the National Priority Areas.

This background report is written in the context of the One United Nations Climate Change Learning Partnership (UN CC: Learn) initiative. The UN CC: Learn initiative was established in 2009 as a collaboration of more than 30 multilateral organizations committed to support and contribute to effective, results-oriented and sustainable learning to address climate change and related development challenges. The UN CC: Learn Project in Zambia is coordinated by the Climate Change and Natural Resources Department in the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources. A Technical Team involving the Climate Change Department, the Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) and the Zambia Climate Change Network (ZCCN) has been put in place to spearhead the development of the National Climate Change Learning Strategy. The implementation of the Zambia UN CC: Learn Project is supported by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Zambia Country Office, through the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Support Programme.

This Background Report on National Climate Change Priorities and Relevant Capacity Development Goals and Initiatives in Zambia foregrounds the development of the National Climate Change Learning Strategy. The report is a compilation of national climate change priorities and relevant ongoing and planned capacity development initiatives which will form part of chapter one of the National Climate Change Learning Strategy.

This document gives an overview of the current education system of Zimbabwe and the national climate change learning framework. 

To achieve a state of having a knowledgeable and educated population that is able to respond better to the effects of climate change as well as to be able to mitigate against it there is a need to adopt a comprehensive strategy that has a mix of different learning methodologies. To this effect Zimbabwe is in the process of developing a National Climate Change Learning Strategy as part of the UNCC: Learn Southern Africa Initiative which started in 2009 as a collaboration of UN Agencies that support and contribute to effective, sustainable and result-oriented learning to address climate change-related development challenges. 

This technical document provides methodological and organizational guidance to countries interested in taking a strategic approach to climate change learning and skills development. In particular, it lays out the process of developing a National Strategy to Strengthen Human Resources and Skills to Advance Green, Low Emission and Climate Resilient Development – or short “National Climate Change Learning Strategy” – through cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder collaboration, and with engagement of national education and training institutions.

The analysis is based on 27 in-depth interviews with officials of local and national authorities as well as 198 semi-structured interviews and 11 focus group discussions conducted with farmers along three salinity transects in both deltas in 2015-2016. The results show that a dynamic interplay and feedback of various drivers of change such as policy intervention, farmers’ desire for profit maximization, changing salinity conditions, and technological development at different levels of the deltaic social-ecological system have shaped the changes and adaptations in agricultural systems over the last decades. In response to increased salinity intrusion, as exemplified by the historic salinity levels recorded in the Mekong Delta in 2015–2016, various adaptation options have been considered. These include adaptations that would lock-in agricultural production in particular systems or constrain changes in others, which is potentially problematic in light of the high uncertainty related to future changes. The study recognizes the need to apply both incremental and transformative changes and select adaptation pathways which allow for continuous change or that are reversible in order to avoid lock-ins and address future challenges. Additionally, attention should be drawn to interactions and feedbacks in future changes within and across adaptation pathways in order to prevent further increases in salinity intrusion and lock-in effects in agricultural systems within the deltas.

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This policy brief highlights the key findings of the migration component of the research. It presents data and findings on migration patterns, drivers and impacts. It ends with a discussion of the results, with a focus on the tension between being prepared to move and fortifying to stay in place.

The resilience concept has provided a new insight and approach to the conventional perspective of agricultural management by emphasizing the need to maintain a diversity of future options to adapt to inevitable and often unpredictable changes. The concept has been taken up by various academic disciplines and development sectors, yet ways to define and operationalize resilience as a measurable concept are still being developed. We contributed to this ongoing effort by implementing a subjective resilience assessment method based on farmers’ perceptions of three resilience components: (1) the sensitivity of their agricultural systems to increased salinity intrusion, (2) the capacity to recover from salinity damage, and (3) the capacity to change to other systems if salinity increases in the future. We conducted 27 in-depth interviews with local and national authorities, 11 focus group discussions, and 118 semistructured and 219 structured interviews with farmers in case study villages located along salinity transects in the Mekong Delta and at different distances to sea dikes in the Red River Delta in Vietnam in 2015-2016. Results from the subjective resilience assessment reveal that none of the agricultural systems studied systematically scored higher than the other systems on all three resilience components, implying that an increase in one resilience component by switching agricultural systems would negatively affect others. Agricultural responses to this salinity problem will influence current and long-term adaptability of the systems to future changes in salinity intrusion and other social-ecological developments in the deltas. Improving resilience components, e.g., through policies and interventions, resource allocation, and farming system changes, to sustain agricultural production or facilitate transformation to alternative systems when necessary is critically important for agricultural systems facing stress. Complementing subjective resilience assessments with qualitative data is thus crucial for understanding the drivers of resilience to improve components of resilience for agricultural systems in the respective deltas.

This contribution presents an assessment of the potential vulnerabilities to climate variability and change (CV & C) of the critical transportation infrastructure of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS). It focuses on potential operational disruptions and coastal inundation forced by CV & C on four coastal international airports and four seaports in Jamaica and Saint Lucia which are critical facilitators of international connectivity and socioeconomic development. Impact assessments have been carried out under climatic conditions forced by a 1.5 °C specific warming level (SWL) above pre-industrial levels, as well as for different emission scenarios and time periods in the twenty-first century. Disruptions and increasing costs due to, e.g., more frequent exceedance of high temperature thresholds that could impede transport operations are predicted, even under the 1.5 °C SWL, advocated by the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) and reflected as an aspirational goal in the Paris Climate Agreement. Dynamic modeling of the coastal inundation under different return periods of projected extreme sea levels (ESLs) indicates that the examined airports and seaports will face increasing coastal inundation during the century. Inundation is projected for the airport runways of some of the examined international airports and most of the seaports, even from the 100-year extreme sea level under 1.5 °C SWL. In the absence of effective technical adaptation measures, both operational disruptions and coastal inundation are projected to increasingly affect all examined assets over the course of the century. Access here

This project aims at strengthening the capacity of policymakers, transport planners and transport infrastructure managers in small island developing States to take appropriate adaptation response measures to climate change impacts on seaports and airports. Access here