Biblioteca

This brochure provides updated information on how climate science and services can enhance adaptation to climate variability and change, especially for development needs. The brochure highlights a few examples from the experience of NMHSs and collaborating organizations, to give an idea of real-life experience in utilizing climate knowledge to formulate and implement appropriate adaptive policies and strategies.

This technical document includes the analysis and findings of an on-line survey on the role of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in adaptation to climate variability and change. The surveys was designed to gather information on ways that NMHSs are contributing to the national climate change response both directly and indirectly, as well as potential gaps that NMHSs could fill if appropriate resources and planning are provided.

This technical document includes the summary for policy makers of the Working Group III Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN). This presents an assessment of the literature on the scientific, technological, environmental, economic and social aspects of the contribution of six renewable energy sources to the mitigation of climate change. It is intended to provide policy relevant information to governments, intergovernmental processes and other interested parties. The summary for policymakers provides an overview of the SRREN, summarizing the essential findings.

This technical document assesses the scientific literature on the potential role of renewable energy in the mitigation of climate change for policymakers, the private sector, academic researchers and civil society. It covers six renewable energy sources – bioenergy, direct solar energy, geothermal energy, hydropower, ocean energy and wind energy – as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It considers the environmental and social consequences associated with the deployment of these technologies, and presents strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion. The authors also compare the levelized cost of energy from renewable energy sources to recent non-renewable energy costs.

This policy document notices that, as the world begins to feel the effects of climate change, the frequency of droughts is increasing in the Horn of Africa. Considering the two main channels through which the drought and food crisis affects welfare in Kenya, the document identifies four broad policy changes that can reduce Kenya’s future vulnerability to such shocks: (i) investment in people in the arid and semiarid lands; (ii) reform of Kenya’s maize policy; (iii) review of the East African Community grain trade policy; and (iv) formulation of a unified social protection system.

This analytical report summarizes the main findings of a study on the scale and distribution of green employment in the economy of Bangladesh. It has estimated, within the constraints of available data, environment-related employment in Bangladesh, the employment sustained by more environmentally friendly activities and, within those areas, the number of decent jobs that thereby warrant the badge of a ‘green job’ under the UNEP/ILO definition of the term.

This analytical report includes six country studies in Europe on good practice examples of how national policies for greening economies are complemented by identification of skills needs and efficient skills response strategies. The study is based on research in Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Spain, France and the UK. It closes with a set of recommendation and conclusions.

This analytical report presents the component of a multi-country research project identifying skills for green jobs of the United States. It describes the major policy efforts in the US to promote the development of green jobs, the occupational classification systems being created to track the growth of green jobs, and the education and training efforts that have been implemented to prepare US workers for employment in green industries. It closes with a set of recommendation and conclusions.

This analytical report presents the component of a multi-country research project identifying skills for green jobs of Uganda. It notices that Uganda, like other developing countries, has not effectively responded towards mitigating and preventing environmental challenges, notably climate change. The cost of inaction by the majority of institutions mandated to protect the environment has led to the country becoming more vulnerable. The emerging “green” employment areas are discussed, along with their skills and knowledge gaps and potential for greening the economy.

This analytical report presents the component of a multi-country research project identifying skills for green jobs of Thailand. It notices that while Thailand has strong green policy, there is no comprehensive plan to train people on green jobs, no database and labour market information for existing green jobs, new green jobs and the new green collar jobs. There is a need therefore to analyze the skills gap and to forecast the demand of the labour market in relation to green jobs.

This analytical report presents the component of a multi-country research project identifying skills for green jobs of South Africa. It examines the current issues pertaining to greening the South African economy with special attention to skills requirements now and in the future. Current policy is found to be inconsistent and market forces have tended to be more effective in driving change. However, going forward there is potential for policy to direct significant structural changes. It is recommended that a cohesive approach is taken to green skills anticipation at a national level which will ensure correct identification of needs, and strong implementation of the pre-existing skills framework.

This analytical report presents the component of a multi-country research project identifying skills for green jobs of the Philippines. It notices that this country is facing two difficult and intertwined environmental tasks: minimizing the adverse impact of climate change through varied mitigation/adaptation measures and restoring its degraded environment. The way forward for the country is to pursue these tasks with greater vigour, coherence and consistency in the context of the need to green the economy and the labour market. This green economic shift is value-adding, job-creating, and a key to the creation of jobs that are both green and decent.

This analytical report presents the component of a multi-country research project identifying skills for green jobs of Mali. This study was undertaken to identify major challenges and priorities related to climate change and the subsequent greening policies and strategies, and to identify major sectors with a greening potential in the country. It notices that there are many actions going on in Mali where greening and adaptation to climate change have not been in focus, but have been taken into account unintentionally and that there is a big potential for green jobs in Mali, both for development of new occupations and new skills for old occupations.

This analytical report presents the component of a multi-country research project identifying skills for green jobs of the Republic of Korea. It describes the changes in the labour market due to greening initiatives and skills development strategies for emerging green jobs. It aims to: explain major policy measures including general environmental strategy towards a green growth and skills development strategy; discuss the green structural change and its impact on the labour market and outline the plans that Korea has put in place for skills response; present case studies that show actual examples of skills response to green economy in various sectors; and discuss the current approach and suggest policy recommendations.

This analytical report presents the Indonesian component of a multi-country research project identifying skills for green jobs. It aims to identify strategies related to skills development in Indonesia that may provide remedial measure of environmental degradation, climate change and global trends for green economies. It concludes that many sectors are already affected by the movement towards greener economy. Some companies in these sectors, either affected by new environmental regulations or driven by profit or competitiveness motives, already have started to adjust to the new greening trend in the market.

This analytical report presents the Indian component of a multi-country research project identifying skills for green jobs. It aims to provide an insight of major sectors with a green job potential in the country, with special emphasis on traditional sectors, and analyze whether and how skills response strategies are incorporated into larger ‘greening’ policies and programmes. The report further presents a brief skills needs for new occupations, new skills for greening existing occupations and retraining needs in sectors undergoing structural changes as a result of policy implementation, and introduction of greening technologies and practices. It also provides conclusions and policy recommendations.

This analytical report presents the Egypt component of a multi-country research project identifying skills for green jobs. It sheds light on the key challenges and priorities for the green economy and outlines the main environmental challenges currently facing Egypt. It then analyzes the skills development strategy corresponding to greening, investigates the obstacles for the integration of skills development into relevant policies and strategies and addresses the anticipation of skills needs. Finally, the study outlines the main findings and provides recommendations at policy and sector levels.

This analytical report presents the Costa Rica component of a multi-country research project identifying skills for green jobs. It notices that in recent years, Costa Rica has positioned itself as a world-leading model in sustainability. Numerous initiatives such as Climate Change Strategy and the Peace with Nature Initiative have been developed to steer the country in the right direction to maximize its goals in its greening potential. It stresses that main challenges and priorities related to climate change have provoked a national shift, which will require the creation of new green jobs, re-training or greening of existing ones in order to meet specific environmental goals.

This analytical report presents the Chinese component of a multi-country research project identifying skills for green jobs. It notices that the skills needs in China’s industries, which are rapidly changing due to new green jobs or existing jobs turning green, have been growing. It stresses thta China’s skill response should be swift and effective, with coordination between various government departments, which should play a more active role by anticipating the changing green skills needs by surveys of employers and employees. China’s tripartite mechanism among government, employers and employees in skill formation and delivery is necessary.

This policy document aims to provide context for Rio+20 discussions through analysis of current challenges in ocean and coastal management around the world, assessment of how well the multiple goals and objectives of previous international efforts have been met, and building on recent dialogue and inputs including the meeting of the UN Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (UNICPOLOS) and the Secretary General’s report on Oceans and Law of the Sea. It then presents a number of tangible proposals towards ocean sustainability that should be regarded as priorities for consideration in the Rio+20 outcomes.